Sources

Here are some great sites to go to if you want to learn more about Art Deco.

http://www.brynmawr.edu/cities/archx/05-600/proj/p2/npk/historydeco.htm

http://www.brynmawr.edu/cities/archx/05-600/proj/p2/npk/artdecoexamples.htm

http://char.txa.cornell.edu/art/decart/artdeco/artdeco.htm

http://fcit.usf.edu/florida/photos/arts/sbdeco/sbdeco.htm

http://www.richeast.org/htwm/artists/AC/artdeco.html

http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=9263&term_type_id=3&term_type_text=things&letter=A

http://www.artdecopb.org/whatis2.html

http://www.artdecopb.org/decobuildings.html

http://www.deldot.gov/archaeology/art_deco_architecture/pdf/ch1.pdf

http://www.nga.gov/feature/nouveau/exhibit_city.shtm

http://www.fordham.edu/normandie/artdeco/AH1 Art Deco and the Manhattan Skyline.html

http://www.nga.gov/feature/nouveau/exhibit_sources.shtm

http://picturingamerica.neh.gov/downloads/pdfs/Resource_Guide_Chapters/PictAmer_Resource_Book_Chapter_15B.pdf

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/506262/Rockefeller-Center

http://articles.latimes.com/2002/aug/22/local/me-surround22

The Prometheus Building

This is the Prometheus Building, a corporate Art Deco skyscraper that I designed and modeled. It includes eyebrows, vertical lines, porthole windows, uniformity geometric shapes, color, step pyramids, and a stained glass window. The building also tells the story from Greek mythology of Prometheus, who stole fire from heaven and gave it to humans. The decoration at the top are meant to echo descending flame, traveling down the copper lines at the center of the building, and the stained glass window portrays human hands reaching out to catch them. This building would be made out of an alloy with copper accents if actually built. 

The core structure of the building was made out of bass wood. I then  used rhinestones to make the windows. In order to construct the eyebrows and the vertical lines, I needed something more pliable, so I used balsa wood. I sanded down an "L" shape in order to get the curved edges. For the ziggurat, I used foam-core; the degree of precision that I needed for the cuts was too fine for the saws that I had access to. I  finished it off with paint and colored pencils (for the doorway) 

I also modeled the building on Sketch-Up, which was great because I was able to add a ledge around the windows which was virtually impossible in my model. I constructed the component parts and then copy-pasted everything together in order to assemble the building. I made the main unit by constructing a box and then copy-pasting a window onto it several times. That was the most time-consuming part of the project. 

Finally, I designed an interior of the building. It's an office for a pretty important person who works in the building. I tried to base some of the furniture loosely around Art Deco pieces. It includes a doorway, a desk, a bookshelf surrounding the desk with trophies, books, and plants on it, as wells as a desk chair and a porthole window with curtains. 

The LeVeque Tower

The LeVeque Tower is located at 50 West Broad Street in Columbus, Ohio. It was originally built by the rapidly growing American Insurance Union, who called it the AIU Citadel, or the Citadel. They broke ground in 1924, but they didn’t finish until 1927. Inside the building is a bronze plaque with the position of the planets at the time that the cornerstone was laid. The LeVeque Tower is five hundred fifty-five feet tall, intentionally taller than the Washington Monument, making it the tallest building in Columbus at the time (The Rhodes State Office Tower overtook it in 1973).

However, AIU’s luck changed during the Depression. The tower took up a lot of their money, and the company went bankrupt. Leslie Leveque and John Lincoln (the founder of Lincoln Insurance) bought the tower and renamed it the Lincoln-LeVeque Tower. In 1975, it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places. Two years later, its name was changed to the LeVeque Tower. It used to function as a lighthouse for planes and cars, but now it is lit up for a other reasons. To recognize special occasions, such as Breast Cancer Awareness month, Christmas, and the like, the usual white lights are changed into colored ones. Currently, the building is being culturally revitalized and physically restored.

Its current owners are the investors from Tower Ten LLC. They are trying to turn the mostly vacant tower into a more culturally relevant building. Ideally, there would be residences at the top, offices in the middle, and a boutique hotel on the lower floors. Already, the old observation deck on the forty-fourth and forty-third floors serves as a deluxe penthouse to an anonymous renter. Earlier on, a DJ, John Fraim, used the space for living and conducting celebrity interviews.

In addition to being built at the heart of the Art Deco time period, the LeVeque Tower has all the characteristics of art deco. It has a very orderly look. The top of the building forms a zugguraut. There are a lot of icons and symbols of the building, besides the horoscope. I saw eagles (which have 25 foot wingspans), classical figures, and bronze plaques with all kinds of motifs. It’s worth noting that the plaques were made out of metal, and were done in the bas relief style. There are so many windows on the LeVeque Tower, and they are positioned in vertical lines. I did see a few eyebrows, although they weren’t as prominent feature. There are also a lot of curves, especially at the top of windows and doors. 

All the pictures are mine, but here are the sources I used to get information about the Tower.
http://www.touring-ohio.com/central/columbus/leveque-tower.html
http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/home_and_garden/2008/04/27/LEVEQUE.ART_ART_04-27-08_H1_SHA09FM.html
http://www.10tv.com/content/stories/2012/06/08/columbus-200columbus-leveque-tower-makeover-bicentennial.html
http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/business/2011/03/11/leveque-tower-downtown-icon-changes-hands.html
http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/editorials/2012/07/07/leveque-facelift.html
http://www.columbusunderground.com/work-is-under-way-on-a-mixed-use-conversion-for-leveque-tower

Southern Art Deco Buildings

This Coca-Cola bottling plant is a fabulous example of a curved corner, as well as porthole windows and an 'eyebrow.' The whole building is very nautical-looking.

http://www.you-are-here.com/los_angeles/coca_cola.jpg

Ocean Drive is an excellent example of Floridian Art Deco, featuring bright colors, vertical stripes, and eyebrows.

http://fcit.usf.edu/florida/photos/arts/sbdeco/photos/sbdeco01.jpg

This house is very Art Deco. It has bright colors, geometric shapes, a ziggurat, vertical lines, porthole windows, and eyebrows.

http://www.artdecopb.org/3811wallst.jpg

Examples of Art Deco Buildings

The metallic Empire State building exemplifies both horizontal lines and the ziggurat.

http://therealdeal.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/empire-state-building_1_.gif

The Chrysler Building is a great example of a ziggurat. It also uses a lot of geometric shapes and horizontal lines. Also, it features an icon: the eagle head. The Crystler building is my favorite Art Deco building, and one of my all time favorite buildings. 

http://www.nybeyondsight.org/img/portspics/chrysler-building.jpg

The American Radiator Building is an excellent example of a ziggurat. It is also America's first Art Deco skyscraper.

By Gigi alt (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons

The Rockefeller Center is a very Art Deco place. This building is a good example of a ziggurat, vertical lines, and metal.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/GE_Building_by_David_Shankbone.JPG/445px-GE_Building_by_David_Shankbone.JPG

The End of Art Deco

Like all things, the halcyon of Art Deco came to an end. When World War Two broke out, the highly adorned Art Deco designs that had captivated America for the past several years were considered overly opulent and unnecessary in a culture that was facing rationing and a global conflict. However, Art Deco lives on. Much of contemporary architecture features glass blocking and metal. And, of course, skyscrapers continue to be built to this day. However, Art Deco’s most important legacy is the culture it helped build. Even decades after the decline of Art Deco, buildings such as the Empire State Building are synonymous with the American urban experience, especially in areas like New York and Florida, where there were many Art Deco buildings. 

Characteristics of Art Deco

Here are some of the distinctive characteristics of Art Deco buildings and my explanation of why they occur. 

Art Deco had a very distinctive look. Unlike the organic nature of the Art Nouveau, it was an orderly, mathematical style. The rule of three featured prominently in many Art Deco style buildings. Geometric designs, often abstractions of both natural and manmade objects, were used to symbolize the uniformity of assembly line goods.

            Art Deco borrowed from other styles. The ziggurat (step pyramid) was incorporated from Ancient Egypt, where it was used to symbolize reaching for the sky and for the gods. This motif represented something similar when used in Art Deco: the act of reaching for greatness and the idea that in the modern age, anything is possible. My personal belief is that, while regular pyramids represent an impossible climb to the heavens, a ziggurat represents that, with perseverence, these heights can be reached. 

Icons were also used frequently in Art Deco, often as part of a bas relief. These icons were often traditional American symbols or elements of an ancient mythology. Many times, these icons were chosen very deliberately in order to show the function of the building, as well as to lend it a sense of grandeur.

Windows and other uses of glass are also very important in Art Deco architecture. Eyebrows, or ledges above a window, served the pragmatic function of keeping direct sunlight out of the interior, while etched glass served a more decorative purpose. Porthole windows, inspired by ships, one of the period’s prominent forms of transportation, exemplified the genre’s theme of technology. Glass blocks (bricks made out of treated glass) were often used to form a ziggurat.

Buildings done in this style were very colorful, especially in Miami. The bold, almost candy-shop hues were toned down when the Depression hit. In addition, vertical lines were a common motif in Art Deco buildings. Metal was also prominently featured in some Art Deco buildings; only in the Machine Age did alloys become inexpensive enough to be used widely as a building material. One of the most iconic Art Deco motifs was the rounded corner, also made possible by advanced technology and inspired by the new, aerodynamic vehicles.